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托福tpo32阅读文本+题目 word版

托福阅读TPO32原文+答案解析+译文：

Early Children Education

Preschools—educational programs for children under the age of five—differ significantly　from one country to another according to the views that different societies hold regarding　the purpose of early childhood education. For instance, in a cross-country comparison of　preschools in China, Japan, and the United States, researchers found that parents in the　three countries view the purpose of preschools very differently. Whereas parents in China　tend to see preschools primarily as a way of giving children a good start academically,Japanese parents view them primarily as a way of giving children the opportunity to be　members of a group. In the United States, in comparison, parents regard the primary　purpose of preschools as making children more independent and self-reliant, although obtaining a good academic start and having group experience are also important.

While many programs designed for preschoolers focus primarily on social and emotional　factors, some are geared mainly toward promoting cognitive gains and preparing　preschoolers for the formal instruction they will experience when they start kindergarten.In the United Stated, the best-known program designed to promote future academic　success is Head Start. Established in the 1960s when the United States declared the War　on Poverty, the program has served over 13 million children and their families. The　program, which stresses parental involvement, was designed to serve the “whole child”,including children’s physical health, self-confidence, social responsibility, and social and　emotional development.

Whether Head Start is seen as successful or not depends on the lens through which one　is looking. If, for instance, the program is expected to provide long-term increases in IQ　(intelligence quotient) scores, it is a disappointment. Although graduates of Head Start　programs tend to show immediate IQ gains, these increases do lot last. On the other hand,it is clear that Head Start is meeting its goal of getting preschoolers ready for school.　Preschoolers who participate in Head Start are better prepared for future schooling than　those who do not. Furthermore, graduates of Head Start programs have better future　school grade. Finally, some research suggests that ultimately Head Start graduates show　higher academic performance at the end of high school, although the gains are modest.

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those　who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more like to　complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program,taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduated reached the age of 27.

The most recent comprehensive evaluation of early intervention programs suggests that,　taken as a group, preschool programs can provide significant benefits, and that　government funds invested early in life may ultimately lead to a reduction in future costs.For instance, compared with children who did not participate in early intervention　programs, participants in various programs showed gains in emotional or cognitive　development, better educational outcomes, increased economic self-sufficiency, reduced　levels of criminal activity, and improved health-related behaviors. Of course, not every　program produced all these benefits, and not every child benefited to the same extent.　Furthermore, some researchers argue that less-expensive programs are just as good as　relatively expensive ones, such as Head Start. Still, the results of the evaluation were　promising, suggesting that the potential benefits of early intervention can be substantial.

Not everyone agrees that programs that seek to enhance academic skills during the　preschool years are a good thing.In fact, according to developmental psychologist　David Elkind , United States society tends to push children so rapidly that they begin to feel　stress and pressure at a young age. Elkind argues that academic success is largely　dependent upon factors out of parents’ control, such as inherited abilities and a child’s rate　of maturation.Consequently, children of a particular age cannot be expected to master　educational material without taking into account their current level of cognitive　development.In short, children require development appropriate educational practice,which is education that is based on both typical development and the unique　characteristics of a given child.

1. According to paragraph1, parents in Japan tend to think of preschool primarily as a　place where children can

A. get a good academic start

B. expand their emotional development

C. become more independent

D. experience being part of a group

2. The word “Whereas” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A. Although

B. Because

C. Moreover

D. Already

3. The word “focus” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A. consider

B. respect

C. concentrate

D. advise

4. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Head Start program was designed to serve　children who

A. come from families that do not have a lot of money

B. are not doing very well in kindergarten

C. were born in the 1950s

D. need programs that focus primarily on social and emotional factors

5. According to paragraph 3, the Head Start program had NOT been successful at which　of the following?

A. Helping children adjust to school

B. Providing long-term increase in IQ scores

C. Improving school performance throughout high school

D. Preventing children from being placed in special-education classes.

6. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the “results from other types of readiness　programs” to

A. provide support for the idea that preschool readiness programs have been somewhat　successful

B. question the idea that Head Start is more effective than other preschool readiness　programs

C. indicate school completion is usually the most reliable indicator of success in most　readiness programs

D. emphasize that participation in readiness programs can be increased if costs are　reduced

7. According to paragraph 4, a cost-benefit analysis of one preschool readiness program　revealed that

A. only one dollar’s worth of benefit was gained for every seven dollars spent on the　program

B. the benefits of the program lasted only until the participants reached age 27

C. taxpayers saved seven dollars for every dollars spent on the program

D. to be successful, the program would need to receive about seven times as much　money as it currently receives

8. The word “comprehensive” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. easily understood

B. thorough

C. respectable

D. objective

9. Paragraph 5 mentions that participants in early intervention programs have been　shown to do all of the following better than nonparticipants EXCEPT

A. Take care of there health

B. Support themselves financially

C. Take care of their own children

D. Have increased emotional development

10. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is true about the benefits of early　intervention programs?

A. These programs produce good short-term benefits but few long-term benefits.

B. Only the most expensive programs provide substantial benefits.

C. The Head Start program provides a range of benefits that no other program can　provide.

D. Some children benefit more than others do from these programs.

11. The word “seek” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A. claim

B. manage

C. fail

D. attempt

12. The passage mentions “developmental psychologist David Elkind” in order to

A. give an example of an expert who has designed an effective early childhood education　program

B. introduce an alternative view about the value of early childhood education

C. explain why early childhood education programs are less effective in the United States　than in other countries

D. refute the claim that academic success is dependent on factors outside parents’control

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided　below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the　most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary　because they express ideas that are not presented in the passages or are minor ideas in　the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Preschool programs provide opportunities for young children to develop socially,　emotionally, and cognitively.

Answer Choices

A. In addition to stressing academic development, preschools should be enjoyable, since　studies show that children benefit from programs they find fun.

B. Preschool programs such as Head Start have been shown to help prepare children for　school and may also have long-team benefits in helping children become effective adults.

C. Studies have shown that preschool programs are most effective when they focus on　only one area of development rather than trying to serve the “whole child”.

D. The primary purpose of preschool programs varies by country, with some stressing the　importance of group experience, and others self-reliance or getting a good academic start.

E. Critics of preschool programs argue that these programs put undue pressure on　children and may not be effective of children are not developmentally ready for academic　work.

F. David Elkind is a critic of publicity funded preschool programs, arguing that the parent　cannot control their children’s emotional development.

详细内容可以看看这个

TPO阅读（完整）的（文章+题目）的WORD文本

托福是能力指向型的考试，要想取得理想的成绩，一定要提升自己的能力，做 TPO 只是一种检测手段，并不能直接地提升你的能力，更重要的是要掌握系统科学的方法，再配合持续有针对性的练习。

【推荐阅读】TPO 都昨晚托福分数还是很低怎么破：

托福 TPO是什么？

TPO是英文TOEFL Practice Online 的缩写，即托福在线考试练习。

是托福出卷机构ETS官方提供的一种付费服务，每报考一次托福就会附送一份TPO服务，只要在自己的托福报名账号内使用即可。所有的TPO都是曾经的托福考试原题，付费购买的每一次TPO服务都会得到托福官方的反馈。需要联网进行使用。

TPO是为参加下一代托福考试TOEFL iBT（Internet-based test），即网考托福考试的人，以及想要提高专业英语水平的学员提供的一个全真模拟托福网考考试平台。TPO都是ETS之前考过的真题，对于考生考前模拟和复习具有很大的价值。

TPO的功能是模拟考试，考生可以在考前用它来了解真实题型，熟悉考试环境和操作，检验自己的真实水平。在家中电脑上依靠互联网按提示操作即可独立完成TPO。

扩展资料：

TPO有33套（还在持续更新）。ETS会不定期的通过各种途径解密一些TPO，不过这些题都不再考了。

TPO对电脑要求是电脑上要有带麦克风的耳机，稳定的网络连接且带宽1M以上。

相对而言，网速快的电脑不容易出现中断或迟滞现象，模考效果好。所以推荐在网速快的地方进行模考。

TPO软件版更加符合适合托福模考，其可以自动评分、做题等，界面更加贴近真实考试场景，可在网上下载并安装。

考试采取机考形式。新托福考试的考试时间和各部分试题数目都是固定的。但该考试不采用计算机适性出题的方式，即题目难度与上一题回答是否准确无关。

电脑要求：电脑应与互联网相连接并且装有网络浏览器(建议使用IE浏览器)。推荐显示分辨率为1024X768。中国考生须提供本人的简体中文姓名和邮寄地址。因此，中国考生须使用简体中文操作系统输入汉字。

参考资料：

TPO-百度百科

TPO 21 阅读第3篇 第5题The word “reasonable” in the passage is closest in meaning to为什么答案是B

reasonable 合理的，A 一致的，B 充分的，C 显然的，D 深的。这里仅仅依靠单词含义还无法判断出哪一个选项正确，我们可以通过原文来理解。原文说儿童需要对自身有一个合理的认识，首先 A 和 C 选项明显不符合意思。B 选项带入原文，意思说儿童需要对自身有足够的认识。D 选项带入原文，意思说儿童需要对自身有深层了解。比较 BD 项“足够的认识”比“深入了解”要好，因为毕竟是儿童，用 deep 不适合。所以答案选 B。